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Risk factors for surgical site infection in pediatric cardiac surgery patients undergoing delayed sternal closure.

TitleRisk factors for surgical site infection in pediatric cardiac surgery patients undergoing delayed sternal closure.
Publication TypeJournal Article
Year of Publication2013
AuthorsHarder, EE, Gaies, MG, Yu, S, Donohue, JE, Hanauer, DA, Goldberg, CS, Hirsch, JC
JournalJ Thorac Cardiovasc Surg
Volume146
Issue2
Pagination326-33
Date Published2013 Aug
ISSN1097-685X
KeywordsAge Factors, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Chi-Square Distribution, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Female, Heart Defects, Congenital, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Logistic Models, Male, Michigan, Multivariate Analysis, Odds Ratio, Parenteral Nutrition, Respiration, Artificial, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sternotomy, Surgical Wound Infection, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Wound Closure Techniques
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) in congenital heart surgery (CHS) patients undergoing delayed sternal closure (DSC) and to evaluate risk factors for SSI.METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed within a cohort of CHS patients undergoing DSC at our institution between 2005 and 2009. Cases met 2008 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for SSI; control subjects were matched based on year of surgery. Uni- and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify SSI risk factors.RESULTS: Of 375 patients who underwent DSC, 43 (11%) developed an SSI. The analysis included 172 patients (43 cases, 129 controls); 118 (69%) were neonates, 80 (47%) had undergone Norwood procedure, and 150 (87%) had DSC initiated in the operating room. Case and control subjects were similar based on pre- and intraoperative characteristics. Duration of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and mortality were significantly greater in patients with an SSI. Multiple periods of DSC, longer duration of DSC, greater dependence on parenteral nutrition, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were significantly associated with SSI in univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that multiple periods of DSC (adjusted odds ratio, 5.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-20.1) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (adjusted odds ratio, 2.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-7.6) remained independent risk factors for SSI.CONCLUSIONS: For CHS patients undergoing DSC, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and multiple periods of DSC are independent risk factors for SSI. New strategies for prevention and prophylaxis of SSI may be indicated for these high-risk patients who have worse outcomes and greater health care resource utilization.

DOI10.1016/j.jtcvs.2012.09.062
Alternate JournalJ. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg.
PubMed ID23102685
People: 
David Hanauer
University of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center at North Campus Research Complex
1600 Huron Parkway, Bldg 100, Rm 1004 
Mailing Address: 2800 Plymouth Rd, NCRC 100-1004
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800 

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institutes of
Health under Award Number P30CA046592. The content is solely the responsibility
of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the
National Institutes of Health.

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Cancer Institutes of
Health under Award Number P30CA046592 by the use of the following Cancer Center
Shared Resource(s): Biostatistics, Analytics & Bioinformatics; Flow Cytometry;
Transgenic Animal Models; Tissue and Molecular Pathology; Structure & Drug
Screening; Cell & Tissue Imaging; Experimental Irradiation; Preclinical
Imaging & Computational Analysis; Health Communications; Immune Monitoring;
Pharmacokinetics)

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